Methods of Composition/Performance Improvisation____________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Interpretation___________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Written Material _____________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MIDI ________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Standard Tape__________________ <<< Less precision/predictability More precision/predictability >>> a) Improvisation Entirely unwritten - Partially notated Why are the vast majority of tape pieces fixed? 1 For practical reasons (ease of performance) 2 Part of the western classical tradition of precision and control 3 That is, a fixed tape allows the greatest degree of control and enables processes Levels of Predictability To some extent this depends on the frequency of performance/listening and knowledge of the work itself. The availability of recordings may promote the desire to attend live performances. If the music were heard only a few times before being shelved would this be an issue? But since it is, is it not an issue? If a piece is heard only once are there interpretations? Find out the number of times varied items have been performed It also depends on the type of work. Presumably smaller pieces are played more frequently and in more varied circumstances - that is, a piano piece, a duet, a quartet, a symphony, etc. Part of increase in precision and decrease in improvisation may have arisen due to increased numbers of performers and therefore the need for more cooperation and precision. This may in turn have helped to develop the 'composer as god' theory which again in turn fed back into smaller pieces and also into the minds of those performers who played them. Levels of Improvisation Emphasis on entertainment/personal expression Emphasis on humanity/god The purpose of music - only reason for interpretation of written work